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The Regency period was about more than just manners or sense and sensibility. The Regency period in England foreshadowed great changes as England moved into the Industrial Revolution. Although there was a wide gap between rich and poor, a rise in the middle classes helped move England towards becoming the powerful British Empire. Wars were fought with the United States. Napoleon rose to power in France. There was more going on than just an emphasis on good manners.

 

Regency Age Mathematics: Meaningful Measures

Lesson idea:
Compare the cost of living in England to the United States, historically and currently. Compute the rise in the cost of living. You may convert pounds to dollars and compare the prices in the early 19th century to current prices using the resources listed below. Graph the results using Excel to meet additional standards.

Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living

Pounds and Pence or Dollars and Cents

Excellent charts for comparing prices and wages 1970-2000 in the U.S. can be found at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/chartbooks/disability_trends/sect05.html

The prices below represent the cost of living in the United States in the 1800’s

• One bag of flour $1.80
• Small measure of potatoes daily at .17 per day = $1.19
• One quarter pound of tea .38
• One quart of milk .56
• One pound of cheap coffee .35
• Three and one half pounds sugar $1.05
• One half ration of meats per week $3.50
• Four pounds of butter $1.60
• Two pounds of lard .38
• Dried apples for treats .25
• Vegetables .50
• Soap, starch, pepper, salt, vinegar, etc. $1.00
• 2 bushels of coal $1.36
• Kerosene .30
• Sundries .28
• Rent $4.00 week
––––––––––––––––––
• Total $18.50

 

Source: http://gometaldetecting.com/cthistory1800s.htm

The Speenhamland allowance scale, enacted in 1795, effectively set a floor on the income of laborers according to the price of bread.

Year Wage Earner Weekly
Wages
s/d
Wheat
Price
s/d per quarter
Bread
Price
d/lb
Bread
Purchasing
Power
lb/day/person
Multiple of
Speenhamland
Allowance
References
1450 Agricultural Laborer 2/0 5/11.75 0.15 22.94 6.17 Rogers (327-330)
1450 Carpenter, Mason 3/0 5.11.75 0.15 34.41 9.25 Rogers (327-330)
1795 Speenhamland Allowance 3/0 -- 1.38 3.72 1.00 Hammond (I: 158-160)
1798 Handloom Weaver 30/0 74/0 1.85 27.80 7.47 Gaskell (376)
1831 Handloom Weaver 5/6 83/0 2.08 4.53 1.22 Gaskell (376)
1833 Factory Worker (Textile) 33/8 -- 1.93 29.90 8.04 Baines (443)
1843 Factory Worker (Pottery) 39/0 -- 1.80 37.14 9.98 Pike (196); Rogers (539)
1865 Town Laborer 3/9 -- 1.80 3.57 0.96 Porter (176); Rogers (539)
1865 Carpenter, Mason 6/6 -- 1.80 6.19 1.66 Porter (176); Rogers (539)
1865 Engineer 7/6 -- 1.80 7.14 1.92 Porter (176); Rogers (539)
1899 Rowntree Subsistence 3/3 -- 1.32 4.22 1.13 Rowntree (90ff)
1912 Carriage Washer 19/6 -- 1.30 25.71 6.91 Reeves (133)
1912 Delivery Courier 26/0 -- 1.30 34.29 9.22 Reeves (137)

Source: http://www.victorianweb.org/history/work/nelson1.html

 

Mathematics: Grades 9-12
  • Strand 1: Number Sense and Operations
  - Concept 2: Numerical Operations - Understand and apply numerical operations and their relationship to one another. (PO 1 – 5)
  • Strand 3: Patterns, Algebra, Functions
  - Concept 2: Functions and Relationships - Understand and apply numerical operations and their relationship to one another. (PO 1- 8)

Technology: Proficiency Level
  • Standard 3: Technology Productivity Tools
  - 3T-P2. Use a variety of technology tools for data collection and analysis to support a decision
  Standard 4: Technology Communications Tools
  - 4T-P1. Routinely and efficiently use online information resources to meet needs for collaboration and communications
  • Standard 5: Technology Research Tools
  - 5T-P1. Develop a research strategy to find accurate, relevant, appropriate electronic information sources

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Lesson idea:

The British pound sterling is the official currency of England and the central bank of the United Kingdom (UK); the Bank of England, is located in London. There is considerable debate as to whether the UK should join the Euro currency, which would replace the Pound.

• Compare the economies of England and the United States. Consider the current balance of trade, price of oil, tariffs, and government regulations (pending pollution controls, etc)
• Compare our economy to other European nations who trade in the Euro. Should England consider replacing the Pound so that economic comparisons are consistent?

Social Studies: Grades 9-12
  Strand 5: Economics
  - Concept 4: Global Economics - Patterns of global interaction and economic development vary due to different economic systems and institutions that exist throughout the world.
  o PO 1. Analyze the similarities and differences among economic systems:
a
  characteristics of market, command, and mixed economic systems, including roles of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
b
  benefits and costs of market and command economies
c
  characteristics of the mixed-market economy of the United States, including such concepts as private ownership, profit motive, consumer sovereignty, competition, and government regulation
d
  role of private property in conserving scarce resources and providing incentives in a market economy
  o PO 2. Describe the effects of international trade on the United States and other nations:
a
  how people and nations gain through trade
b
  how the law of comparative advantage leads to specialization and trade
c
  effects of protectionism, including tariffs and quotas on international trade and on a nation’s standard of living
d
  how exchange rates work and how they affect international trade
e
  how the concepts of balance of trade and balance of payments are used to measure international trade
f
  factors that influence the major world patterns of economic activity including the differing costs of production between developed and developing countries
g
  economic connections among different regions, including changing alignments in world trade partners
h
  identify the effects of trade agreements(e.g., North American Free Trade Agreement)
 
Mathematics: Grades 9-12
  Strand 2: Data Analysis, Probability, and Discrete Mathematics
  - Concept 1: Data Analysis (Statistics) - Understand and apply data collection, organization and representation to analyze and sort data. (PO 1-11)
 
Language Arts: Writing: Grades 9-12
  Strand 3: Writing Applications
  - Concept 2: Expository - Expository writing includes non-fiction writing that describes, explains, informs, or summarizes ideas and content. The writing supports a thesis based on research, observation, and/or experience. (PO 1)

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Additional Resources for Social Studies and Science

The Regency Era

The Industrial Revolution: Change and Opportunity in Economy and Society, c1750-c1830

War Times Journal - Napoleonic Wars Series

A Regency Repository

Social Studies: Grades 9-12
  Strand 2: World History
  - Concept 6: Age of Revolution
  o PO 6. Analyze the social, political, and economic development and impact of the Industrial Revolution:
a
  origins in England’s textile and mining industries
b
  urban growth and the social impact of industrialization
c
  unequal spread of industrialization to other countries
d
  political and economic theories (nationalism, anarchism, capitalism, socialism)
 
Science: Grades 9-12
  Strand 2: History & Nature of Science
  - Concept 1: History of Science as a Human Endeavor - Identify individual, cultural, and technological contributions to scientific knowledge.
PO 1.
  Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting the quality of life worldwide.
PO 2.
  Describe how diverse people and/or cultures, past and present, have made important contributions to scientific innovations.
PO 3.
  Analyze how specific changes in science have affected society.
PO 4.
  Analyze how specific cultural and/or societal issues promote or hinder scientific advancements.

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